營養和肝硬化 Nutrition for people with Cirrhosis 營養的人肝硬化
At this stage the diet is generally high in complex carbohydrates (breads, cereals, grains, legumes, dried beans and peas, pasta, rice). 在這個階段的飲食一般是在複雜的高碳水化合物（麵包，穀物，穀物，豆類，幹豆類和豌豆，麵食，大米） 。 These foods are important because they provide our bodies fuel source called blood glucose (also referred to as "blood sugar"). During cirrhosis, individuals frequently experience low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) or high blood sugar (hyperglycemia). 這些食物是重要的 ， 因為我們的身體提供燃料來源呼籲血糖（也稱為“血糖” ） 。在肝硬化，個人經常遇到低血糖（低血糖症）或高血糖（高血糖） 。 Your body is better able to maintain a healthy, sustained level of energy from complex carbohydrates ("starches") rather than from simple carbohydrates ("sugars"). 你的身體能更好地保持健康，持續的能源從複雜碳水化合物（ “澱粉” ） ，而不是從簡單的碳水化合物（ “糖” ） 。

Think of your body as an automobile. 想想你的身體作為汽車。 Your body's "gasoline" is blood glucose. 你的身體的“汽油”是血糖。 Sugars found in candy, fruits, sweet pastries, and milk products supply the body with "gasoline", but your body uses it quickly. 糖在糖果，水果，甜糕點，和奶製品供應的機構 ， “汽油” ，但你的身體利用它迅速。 The result is that your energy level usually rises and then falls too quickly with sugars than it would with complex carbohydrates, especially those with higher fiber content. 其結果是 ， 你的能量水平通常上升然後下降太快與糖將比複雜碳水化合物，特別是那些有較高的纖維含量。 This is not to say that simple sugar foods cannot be eaten, only in smaller proportion to complex carbohydrates and in more controlled portions. 這並不是說簡單的糖食品不能吃，只在較小比例的複雜碳水化合物和更多的控制部分。

You will also continue to need adequate, but not excessive protein in your diet (see When you discover you're Hepatitis C positive). 您也將繼續需要足夠的，但不能過多的蛋白質在您的飲食（見當您發現您丙型肝炎陽性） 。 Protein is needed for repair and maintenance of blood and body tissues, including liver tissue. 蛋白質所需的維修和保養的血液和身體組織，其中包括肝組織。 Persons with cirrhosis tend to better tolerate the protein from dairy and plant sources than from meat sources, and therefore may benefit from a more vegetarian type diet. 肝硬化者往往能夠更好地容忍蛋白奶製品和植物來源比肉類來源，因此可能會受益於一個更素食類的食物。 Daily protein needs in grams will vary according to your nutritional state. 每天的蛋白質需要克將因你的營養狀況。 Your RD can give you more specific guidelines on this according to your body weight and the status of your disease. 你的路可以給你更具體的指導方針 ， 在此根據您的體重和狀態的疾病。

Persons with cirrhosis often begin to experience difficulty digesting and absorbing fat in the diet. 肝硬化者往往開始時遇到困難消化吸收脂肪的飲食。 The result is steatorrhea, (the presence of undigested fat in the stool), and thereby may require dietary fat modification. 其結果是steatorrhea ， （在場的未消化的脂肪糞便） ，從而可能需要膳食脂肪修改。 Fatty liver is also a condition that can occur which is the accumulation of fat in the liver. 脂肪肝也是一個條件 ， 這是可能發生的積累脂肪肝。 In either of these cases, reducing the fat to 25% of total calories (about 40-70 grams of fat daily) is recommended. 在這兩種情況下，減少脂肪25 ％的總熱量（約40-70克脂肪每日）建議。 Use of a special prescription type of fat called MCT oil is sometimes necessary. 使用一種特殊類型的脂肪處方要求建設交通部油 ， 有時需要。 MCT (medium-chain triglycerides) does not require bile for absorption into the blood stream, so is advantageous when the liver can no longer produce adequate bile for digestion and absorption of dietary fat (lipid). 碲鎘汞（中鏈甘油三酯）並不需要膽汁吸收進入血液，所以有利於肝臟時不再能夠生產足夠的膽汁的消化和吸收的膳食脂肪（脂） 。 MCT can be used in place of other fats in cooking and some recipes and is also available in certain types of liquid nutritional drinks. 文化部可以用來代替其他油脂在烹調和一些食譜 ， 你也可在某些類型的液體營養飲料。

Therapeutic nutritional drinks now contain a mixture of MCT and other fats (called structured lipids). Using MCT alone can produce undesirable gastrointestinal complaints and is not indicated for the diabetic or significantly starved person. 現在治療營養飲料含有混合了碲鎘汞和其他脂肪（所謂結構性血脂） 。利用文化部就可以產生不良胃腸投訴 ， 而不是用於糖尿病或顯著餓死的人。 Structured lipids also have been found to enhance the immune system over other types of fats. Also, if MCT is the exclusive fat used in the diet, supplementation with the essential fatty acid called linoleic acid is required to prevent a dietary deficiency. 構造脂質也已經發現 ， 以提高人體免疫系統的其他類型的脂肪。此外，如果文化觀光部的獨家使用的脂肪飲食，補充必需的脂肪酸稱為亞油酸需要 ， 以防止食物的不足。

Vitamin deficiencies can occur during this stage of the disease. 缺乏維生素 ， 就可能發生在這一階段的疾病。 Fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K may need to be taken in their water-soluble form by prescription from your doctor. Deficiencies of the minerals zinc, calcium, and magnesium can also occur during cirrhosis and may require supplementation. 脂溶性維生素A ， D和E ，和K可能需要採取的水溶性形式從你的醫生處方。缺陷的礦物質鋅，鈣，鎂還可以發生在肝硬化 ， 並可能需要補充。 It is important that you do not take vitamins or minerals not prescribed by your doctor as toxicity can occur with overdosing. 重要的是 ， 你不採取維生素或礦物質不按你的醫生的毒性 ， 可能會發生與過量。 Sodium typically needs to be restricted with cirrhosis. 鈉通常需要限制肝硬化。 Unfortunately for many salt lovers, this means learning to enjoy the taste of foods without salt. 不幸的是 ， 許多鹽愛好者來說，這意味著學習享受美味的食品沒有鹽。 Since the taste for salt is acquired, it can also be lost, (usually taking 4-6 weeks of "biting the bullet" until you finally come to enjoy the many tastes of food, spices, and herbs without the salt shaker!) Beware: many foods are high in sodium because of what's added in processing. 由於口味的鹽是收購，也可以失去， （通常為4-6週的考慮“咬子彈”直到你終於得到許多口味的食品，香料，和藥草的鹽瓶！ ）當心：許多食品中的高鈉 ， 因為有什麼補充的處理。 Processed meats, cheeses, frozen dinners, canned soups and vegetables, snack chips and crackers can pack over 1000 milligrams of sodium per serving. 加工肉，奶酪，冷凍晚餐，罐頭和蔬菜湯，點心和餅乾芯片可以包超過1000毫克的鈉 ， 每份。 Considering that the person with cirrhosis must usually limit sodium to 2,500 milligrams per day, these foods leave little room for other necessary, more healthy foods in the diet. 考慮到人與肝硬化通常必須限制到 2500 毫克的鈉，每天這些食物離開小房間的其他必要的，更健康的食物的飲食。 Remember that sodium acts like a "sponge" in the body and can cause your body to hold on to more fluid, predisposing you to abdominal fluid retention seen in cirrhosis called ascites. 請記住 ， 鈉行為象一個“海綿”的機構 ， 並可能導致您的身體 ， 以保持更加順暢，偏向你腹部水腫看到所謂的肝硬化腹水。
Copyright 1998 Trustees of Dartmouth College 版權1998受託人達特茅斯學院

Protein and Hepatitis C 蛋白質和丙型肝炎

Proteins are the major building blocks that the body uses to make body components such as muscles, hair, nails, skin, and blood. 蛋白質是主要的基石 ， 該機構使用 ， 使身體部件 ， 如肌肉，頭髮，指甲，皮膚，和血。 Proteins also make up important parts of the immune system called antibodies, which help fight off disease. 蛋白質還彌補的重要組成部分 ， 所謂的免疫系統的抗體，這將有助於抵禦疾病。 Since protein is such a vital component of the body, many people mistakenly believe that the more protein they consume, the better. 由於這種蛋白是一個重要組成部分的機構，許多人錯誤地認為 ， 他們消費更多的蛋白質，就越好。 Not only is this belief misguided, but for someone with liver damage such an approach to nutrition can actually be downright dangerous. The trouble is that a damaged liver cannot process as much healthy liver. 這不僅是錯誤的信仰，但對肝臟損害的人這種做法營養實際上可以徹頭徹尾的危險。麻煩的是 ， 損壞肝臟無法處理多達肝臟健康。 And, when a damaged liver gets unduly overloaded with protein, encephalopathy ( a state of mental confusion that can lead to coma) may occur. ，並在會損壞肝臟蛋白質過度超載，腦病（一個國家的精神混亂 ， 可能導致昏迷） ， 可能會發生。 Finally, diets high in protein have been demonstrated to enhance the activity of the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which is responsible for drug metabolism. 最後，飲食高蛋白已證明 ， 以提高活動的細胞色素P450酶系統，負責藥物代謝。 This enhanced activity increases the likelihood that a drug may be converted into a toxic byproduct capable of causing liver injury. 這種增強的活動增加的可能性 ， 一種藥物可能會轉化為一種有毒的副產品可引起肝損傷。

Protein intake must be adjusted in accordance with a person's body weight and the degree of liver damage present. Approximately 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram (2.2 pounds) of body weight is recommended in the diet each day for someone with stable liver disease. 蛋白質攝入量必須調整按照一個人的體重和肝臟損害程度的存在。約0.8克蛋白質 ， 每公斤（ 2.2磅）的體重是飲食中的建議每天有人與穩定的肝臟疾病。 People with unstable liver disease or decompensated cirrhosis need to lower the percentage of protein content in their diets so that it falls between approximately 10 to 15 %. 人民不穩定肝病或失代償期肝硬化需要降低的百分比中蛋白質含量的飲食 ， 以便它介於約10至15 ％ 。 And, they need to eat only vegetable sources of protein. 而且，他們需要只吃蔬菜的蛋白質來源。 A diet high in animal protein ( which typically contains a lot of ammonia) may precipitate an episode of encephalopathy among these people. 高的飲食動物蛋白（通常含有大量的氨）可沉澱的一個插曲腦病這些人之間。 Vegetarian diets, on the other hand, have a low ammonia content and have been shown to be much less likely than animal protein diets to induce encephalopathy. 素食飲食，另一方面，有氨的含量低 ， 並已證明是不太可能比動物蛋白飲食誘導性腦病。 It is important to keep in mind that some popular weight-loss diets involve the consumption of a very high animal protein content. 重要的是要記住 ， 一些熱門的減肥飲食涉及的消費很高的動物蛋白質含量。 People with cirrhosis are advised to avoid any such diets. 人民肝硬化宜避免任何此類的飲食。

來源： http://www.liverdisease.com/nutritionalguidelines.html