肝硬化或瘢痕肝癌
Explore this section to learn more about liver cancer, including a description of the disease and how it's diagnosed.探討本節，以了解更多關於肝癌，包括說明這種疾病以及它如何診斷。What is liver cancer? 什麼是肝癌症？Liver cancer refers to the growth of malignant tumors in liver tissue.肝癌是指惡性腫瘤生長的肝組織中。 Cancer that starts in the liver is called primary liver cancer, or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).癌症開始在肝臟被稱為原發性肝癌，或肝細胞肝癌（ HCC ） 。 Cancer that spreads to the liver from another organ is called metastatic liver cancer.癌症擴散到肝臟從另一個器官被稱為轉移性肝癌。

What are the symptoms of liver cancer? 有什麼症狀的肝癌？
Often there are no symptoms of liver cancer until the later stages.往往沒有症狀的肝癌 ，直到後期。 This is why early detection is difficult.這就是為什麼早期發現是很困難的。 When symptoms do occur, they may include fatigue, pain on the right side of the upper abdomen or around the right shoulder blade, nausea, loss of appetite, feeling full after a small meal, unexplained weight loss and jaundice (yellowing of the eyes and the skin).當症狀發生，他們可能包括疲勞，疼痛的右側上腹部或周圍右肩刀片，噁心，食慾不振，充分感受一個小餐之後，原因不明的體重減輕， 黃疸 （發黃的眼睛，皮膚） 。 If you have one or more risk factors for liver cancer and any of these symptoms, you should see your doctor immediately.如果您有一個或多個危險因素的肝癌和任何這些症狀，你應該立即去看醫生。

What causes liver cancer? 是什麼原因導致肝癌？

There are several risk factors that increase the likelihood someone will get liver cancer.有幾個危險因素，提高人的可能性將得到肝癌。

* Cirrhosis , or scarring, can lead to liver cancer. 肝硬化 ，或瘢痕，可導致肝癌。 Over 80 percent of liver cancer cases are linked to cirrhosis.百分之八十以上的肝癌病例都與肝硬化。 In the United States, hepatitis C and alcohol abuse are the leading causes of cirrhosis.在美國， 肝炎 C和酗酒是導致肝硬化。
* Long-term infection with hepatitis B and C are linked to liver cancer because they often lead to cirrhosis.長期感染B型肝炎和C都與肝癌，因為他們常常導致肝硬化。 Hepatitis B can lead to liver cancer without cirrhosis. B型肝炎可導致肝硬化肝癌沒有。
* Smoking is another probable risk factor, especially among people who abuse alcohol and have cirrhosis.吸煙是另一個可能的危險因素，尤其是在人誰酗酒和肝硬化。
* Obesity also appears to be linked to primary liver cancer.肥胖也似乎與原發性肝癌。 Less common risk factors include abuse of anabolic steroids, or male hormones, for strength conditioning; exposure to arsenic in drinking water; and exposure to certain chemicals in the plastics industry.不太常見的風險因素包括：濫用合成代謝類固醇，或男性荷爾蒙，強度調節;接觸飲水砷;和接觸某些化學品的塑料行業。

How is liver cancer diagnosed? 如何肝癌診斷的？

Liver cancer may be discovered in a routine checkup if the doctor feels hard lumps in the abdomen, or incidentally by imaging studies.肝癌可能發現在一次例行檢查，如果醫生認為很難的腹部腫塊，或偶然的成像研究。 To confirm a diagnosis of liver cancer, doctors would use blood tests; ultrasound; computer tomography (CT) scans; and magnetic resonance imaging, or MRI.確認診斷肝癌，醫生將使用血檢;超聲;計算機斷層掃描（ CT ）掃描和磁共振成像，或MRI 。 Doctors may find it necessary to do a biopsy, where a small sample of liver tissue is removed with a needle and then examined for cancer cells.醫生可能認為有必要做活檢，在小樣本的肝組織被刪除了針，然後檢查癌細胞。

How is liver cancer treated? 如何治療肝癌？

Transplant: For some patients a liver transplant may be an option, but only if the cancer has not spread to other organs and a suitable liver can be found. 移植：對於某些患者肝移植可能是一種選擇，但前提是癌症還沒有擴散到其它器官和一個合適的肝臟可以找到。

Surgery: In cases where the cancer has been found early and the liver is otherwise healthy, or has only early-stage cirrhosis, doctors will remove the portion of the liver where the tumor is located, a process called surgical resection. 手術：如果癌症早期被發現的肝臟是健康的，或只早期肝硬化，醫生將刪除部分肝臟的腫瘤的位置，這個過程被稱為手術切除。

Cryosurgery (also called cryotherapy): This is the use of extreme cold produced by liquid nitrogen (or argon gas) to destroy abnormal tissue. 冷凍（也稱為冷凍） ：這是利用所產生極冷液氮（或氬氣） ，銷毀不正常組織。

Ablation: Some liver tumors can be destroyed by processes called ablation. 燒蝕：有些肝腫瘤可以摧毀的過程稱為消融。 Radio frequency ablation kills liver tumors by heating them to high temperatures with microwave probes.射頻消融治療肝臟腫瘤殺死它們加熱高溫微波探測器。 Another ablation technique destroys tumors by injecting them with ethanol, a form of alcohol.另一種腫瘤消融技術摧毀他們注射乙醇，一種形式的酒精。

Chemotherapy: Although chemotherapy cannot cure liver cancer, a new technique called transarterial chemoembolization may help prolong life for liver cancer patients. 化療：雖然化療不能治愈肝癌，一項新技術叫做化學栓塞可能有助於延長生命的肝癌患者。 In this procedure, chemotherapy drugs are injected into the blood vessels that feed the tumors.在此過程中，化療藥物注入血管飼料腫瘤。 This delivers a high dose of chemotherapy to the tumor while decreasing the flow of blood that feeds the tumor.這提供了一個高劑量化療的腫瘤，同時降低血液的流動助長腫瘤。

Radiation therapy: In some cases, doctors may try to reduce the size or slow the growth of liver cancer with radiation, or high-energy x-rays. 放射治療：在某些情況下，醫生可能會嘗試縮小或緩慢的增長肝癌輻射或高能量X射線。 Traditional radiation therapy also destroys healthy liver tissue, so doctors are experimenting with new techniques that deliver the radiation with higher precision.傳統的放射治療也破壞健康的肝組織，因此醫生們正在試驗新的技術，提供輻射與較高的精度。

What is the outlook for patients with liver cancer? 什麼是前景的肝癌患者？

A successful liver transplant will effectively cure liver cancer, but it is an option for a small percentage of patients.一個成功的肝移植能有效地治療肝癌，但它是一種選擇一個小的百分比例。 Surgical resections are successful in only about one out of three cases.手術切除是成功的只有約三分之一的案件。 However, scientists are experimenting with several promising new drugs and therapies that could help prolong the lives of people with liver cancer.然而，科學家們正在嘗試幾個有前途的新的藥物和療法，有助於延長人的生命與肝癌。

What is the best way to prevent liver cancer? 什麼是最好的方法預防肝癌？

There are steps that you can take to reduce the risk of getting liver cancer or to discover it at an early stage, through screening.有步驟，可以採取降低患肝癌，或發現它在早期階段，通過檢查。 These steps are especially important if you already have liver disease.這些步驟是尤其重要如果您已經有肝臟疾病。

If you have been diagnosed with cirrhosis or chronic liver disease, you should be under the care of a doctor who specializes in liver disease.如果您已經被診斷為肝硬化或慢性肝病，你應該照顧誰的醫生專門從事肝病。 See your doctor regularly and follow all recommendations for treatment, vaccinations and cancer screenings.看到你的醫生定期和後續治療的所有建議，接種疫苗和癌症檢查。

If someone close to you has hepatitis, talk to your doctor about prevention, including vaccination options.如果有人向你靠近了肝炎，向您的醫生詢問預防，包括接種疫苗的選擇。 Take steps to prevent exposure to hepatitis B and C.採取措施，防止暴露於B和C型肝炎

Talk to your doctor about liver health, hepatitis vaccinations and liver cancer screening.向您的醫生詢問肝臟健康，肝炎疫苗和肝癌篩查。 This is especially important if you are also a former or current drinker or smoker, or if you are significantly overweight.這一點尤其重要，如果你也有前任或現任飲酒或吸煙，或如果您是大大超重。

What should you do if you have liver cancer? 您應該做些什麼 ， 如果您有肝癌？

Scientists are conducting clinical trials, or treatment studies, to determine the effectiveness of new therapies for liver cancer.科學家們進行的臨床試驗中，研究或治療方案的研究，以確定新療法的有效性為肝癌。 Ask your doctor if participating in a clinical trial is an option for you.詢問您的醫生，如果參加一個臨床試驗是一個選項，供您。

Support organizations, both in your community and online, can be a valuable resource for patients and their families:支援組織，無論是在您的社區和網上，可以是一個寶貴的資源為病人及其家屬：

The American Liver Foundation's local chapters may be able to direct you to a support group in your area. Find the ALF chapter in your area.美國肝臟基金會的地方分會可以引導您進入一個支持集團在您的領域。 查找儀章在您的領域。

CancerCare is a national nonprofit organization that provides free professional support services to anyone affected by cancer. CancerCare是一個全國性的非營利組織提供免費的專業支援服務的任何人而受影響的癌症。 More information can be found at www.cancercare.org.更多信息可在www.cancercare.org 。
在線肝癌支持小組可在http://listserv.acor.org/archives/liver-onc.html 。

The Official Patient's Sourcebook on Adult Primary Liver Cancer , by Icon Health Publications, is a comprehensive reference book that includes information on support organizations. 官方患者的原始資料對成人原發性肝癌 ，通過圖示健康的刊物，是一個全面的參考書籍，其中包括信息支持組織。